Theory of Dynamic Gravitation

This book introduces the theory of dynamic gravitation and presents novel research findings that address observational evidences in terms of classical physics, alternative to space-time, dark matter and dark energy.The fundamental mathematics of dynamic gravitation is elucidated. Dynamic gravitation encompasses a spectrum of gravitational laws, including inverse linear, inverse square, and inverse cubic laws. The misinterpretation of local gravitational laws is often mistaken as the presence of dark matter.The physics underlying active galactic/stellar nuclei is unraveled. When the central mass gradients of a galaxy or star attain a specific threshold, celestial bodies and plasma are dictated by transient evolutionary processes, where high-energy particles interfere, interact and collide. Steady buildup of active mass gradients culminates in a crater for collimated jets. A radiating system develops a watershed that partitions the system into converging and diverging regions, characterized by dipolar radial displacements. A rotating system produces additional bipolar angular accelerations that facilitate the emergence of spiral arms. The converging region channels gas to nourish the nucleus while augmenting the mass gradients of the central region. The watershed mechanism, along with active galactic nuclei, establishes the requisite mass gradients for galactic structures. Rotation curves are explained. The velocity gradients of a rotation curve are mathematically represented by evolution of mass (M-component) and transfer of angular momentum (H-component).Orbital precession is ascribed to both external perturbations and internal mass gradients, which differentiate the structural stiffness of angular motions and radial oscillations. Periodic alignment of planets incurs a transient mass gradient that invokes the inverse cubic law. Stars within the hydrodynamic zone of a galaxy exhibits excessive orbital precession, which is incorrectly decoded as additional gravity from dark matter. Gravitational lensing is quantified. The peripheral region of a massive system, encompassing stars and clusters, generally manifests a hydrodynamic zone that deflects electromagnetic waves or photons in accordance with an inverse linear law. The geometric dimensions of a gravitational lens are quantifiable. Gravitational lensing is attributed to the mass gradients of a celestial system. The deflection of light by the Sun is confirmed to arise from its hydrodynamic zone, with additional deflection stemming from orbital radial contraction. Read more